Their future is stable because of their abundance and adaptability. Such competition can take the form of fighting other males or of herding females to prevent access by other males. A familiar performer at marine shows, T. truncatus is known for its “built-in smile” formed by the curvature of its mouth. [2] Molecular studies show the genus contains three species: the common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), the Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus),[3] and the Burrunan dolphin (Tursiops australis). Group size is often less than 20 nearshore; offshore groups of several hundred have been seen. Examples of body language include leaping out of the water, snapping jaws, slapping the tail on the surface and butting heads. [3][9], The common bottlenose dolphin is grey in color and may be between 2 and 4 m (6.6 and 13.1 ft) long, and weighs between 150 and 650 kg (330 and 1,430 lb). Bottlenose dolphins are vulnerable to pollution, habitat alteration, boat collisions, human feeding of and swimming with wild animals, and human disturbance (such as boating). Males are significantly larger than females. Heavy metals including mercury, PCB's and DDT are of great concern. The color of the bottlenose dolphin varies considerably, but generally this dolphin is light gray to slate gray on the upper part of the body shading to lighter sides and pale, pinkish gray on the bell. The largest direct kills have traditionally been in the Black Sea, where Russian and Turkish hunters apparently have reduced local populations. "Sponge Carrying by Dolphins (Delphinidae, "Cultural transmission of tool use in bottlenose dolphins", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, "Mud plume feeding, a unique foraging behavior of the bottlenose dolphin (, "Strand-feeding by coastal bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador", "A whale of a tale: Calling it culture doesn't help", Bottlenose Dolphins in Laguna Requesting a Throw Net, "Dolphins Have Longest Memories in Animal Kingdom", "Quantitative relationships in delphinid neocortex", Reproductive biology of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) and the potential application of advanced reproductive technologies, "Male bottlenose dolphins form gangs to get a mate", "Female reproductive success in wild bottlenose dolphins (, "Comparative Mammalian Brain Collections – Bottlenose Dolphin (, "Interaction between bottlenose dolphins and fisheries off Sardinia", "Evidence Puts Dolphins in New Light, as Killers", 10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[0480:FAATSP]2.0.CO;2, "The social affiliation and group composition of bottlenose dolphins (, "Bottlenose Dolphin: Natural History and Ecology", "Dolphins saved us from shark, lifeguards say", "Diving activity of a solitary wild free ranging bottlenose dolphin (, "Cooperative Dolphins of Laguna: Data on Nature of Signal (video and detailed description)", "Dolphin interactions with the mullet artisanal fishing on southern Brazil: a qualitative and quantitative approach", http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/zoo.10004/abstract, "Animal rights groups rap Pasig dolphin show", "Dolphins Deployed as Undersea Agents in Iraq", "Non-Lethal Swimmer Neutralization Study", "U.S. Navy Marine Mammal Program Web Site", "American Cetacean Society – Bottlenose Dolphin", "Perfluoroalkyl Acids: What Is the Evidence Telling Us? They engage both in aggressive behavior, such as biting, ramming, and tail slapping; and behavior of bonding and acceptance behavior, such as rubbing and stroking. [2] Females reproduce every two to six years. She cites studies showing these dolphins as adults are inseparable, and that early bonds aid protection, as well as in locating females. Adults eat approximately 5% of their body weight per day. [5] Newborn calves are between 0.8 and 1.4 m (2 ft 7 in and 4 ft 7 in) long and weigh between 15 and 30 kg (33 and 66 lb). Lacking vocal cords, they produce sounds using six air sacs near their blow hole.
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