Chang Pao was allowed to keep his fleet and became a government official. Cheng I Sao became his partner and together, they unified pirate gangs, forming a successful league of pirates from competing clans. They had anywhere from 200 to 1800 ships at any given time and controlled the whole South China Sea. We also included the story, the questions and answers, the purposes a lessons and the video. Quite possibly she did some combination of all of these. The purchasers were obligated to treat the women as "respectable wives." Klausmann claims that the pirate never made major decisions without consulting her guardian spirit. The pirates diverted the fireships, towed them on shore, extinguished the fire, and broke them up for firewood. Little is known about her early life; like many politically influential women, she was all but ignored by history, and there is scant documentation of her exploits. On November 23, the Portuguese officially signed an agreement with Bai Ling that called for six Portuguese ships to join the Chinese provincial fleet on patrol between Humen and Macau for six months. The leader of the green squadron got fed up with the special treatment Chang Pao and his red squadron were receiving and launched a Christmas-colored battle, which the green squadron lost. [13] Zheng Yi quickly took over Zheng Qi's fleet after his death, and sailed back to the Chinese coast together with the rest of the Chinese pirates formerly under Tây Sơn patronage. A feat most proud, an undefeated fleet, Blast-battered, barnacle-encrusted, yet, Prolific warrior and sturdy foe, And ever cunning, chose her triumph well: Unarmed, invincible, she came. She might have run a massive land-based smuggling operation. In early September, Zhang Bao completely destroyed a large town not far from Humen and killed 2,000 inhabitants. Pirate scholar David Cordingly claims that, at its height, the Cheng's Red Flag Fleet contained 50,000 pirates, which was considerably larger than many legitimate navies of the period. Cheng I Sao reversed many of the old, gendered notions about “female social mobility.” When she was ready to leave pirating, she negotiated skillfully and diplomatically with Chinese officials in Canton, ultimately granting her and her second husband Chang Pao 80 junks for personal use and an additional 40 for salt trade. When the spirit said move, she moved, and divine inspiration makes about as much sense as anything else for her ten-year undisturbed spot at the top of the food chain. [59], sfn error: no target: CITEREFMurray1984 (, 一、私逃上岸者，謂之反關，捉回插耳，刑示各船。 [48] In 1840, while living at Nanhai, Zheng Yi Sao filled charges against a government official, Wu Yaonan (伍耀南), for having embezzled 28,000 taels of silver that Zhang Bao had handed over to him in 1810 for the purchase of an estate. The Viceroy of Liangguang at the time, Lin Zexu, petitioned the emperor to dismiss the case, which he did. Ching Shih - Madame Ching And Her Crew's Exploits. For example, despite Chinese pirate Cheng I Sao (1775-1844), co-leader with her husband, Cheng I, of the Red Flag Fleet in the South China Sea, being one … [33] On the 20th, 93 ships from the provincial fleet joined the Portuguese in their blockade, commanded by Sun Quanmou. Her pirates devastated the villages, murdering and enslaving at will. On the 23rd, the pirates managed to capture one ship from the provincial fleet, and killed the 74 men aboard. Download audio. Laura Sook Duncombe is either a lawyer who writes part-time or a writer who practices law part-time. Cheng I Sao This week for reading we had to create a DLO explaining the story we read which was Cheng I Sao. Cheng I Sao's Life In Numbers. When Chang, who had been promoted to colonel, died in 1822 at the age of 36, Cheng I Sao returned to Canton. It was at this point that the wind changed, and two of the fireships were blown back to the provincial fleet and ignited two of Sun's own ships. There is little information available about the life of Cheng I Sao (also known as Ching Shih), prior to her work in illegal activities. We had to pick one to use so we went with the easiest for our American accents: Ching Shih. [34][35], The pirates made various attempts to counterattack and break the blockade, but were unsuccessful due to unfavorable wind conditions. The provincial fleet lost 3 ships and at least 74 men, while the pirates lost no ships and only 40 men. [55], A semi-fictionalized account of Zheng Yi Sao, based on Philip Gosse's The History of Piracy, appeared in Jorge Luis Borges' short story The Widow Ching, Lady Pirate (part of A Universal History of Infamy (1935)), where she is described as "a lady pirate who operated in Asian waters, all the way from the Yellow Sea to the rivers of the Annam coast", and who, after surrendering to the imperial forces, is pardoned and allowed to live the rest of her life as an opium smuggler. Zheng Yi Sao was also given permission to officially marry Zhang Bao. [50], Zhang Bao's three codes for the pirates of the Red Flag Fleet are often misattributed to Zheng Yi Sao. I-Chen Ko was born in 1946 in Taiwan. [7], Ching Shih and her crew have been featured in numerous books, novels, video games, and films about pirates and their way of life in China as well as in a global context. And of all the legendary pirates, few embodied utter power like the early nineteenth-century female raider Cheng I Sao. On September 15, 1809, the British country ship Mercury agreed to join 60 provincial warships in patrolling the inner passage of the Pearl River. [22], 1809 was an eventful year for the Pirate Confederation under the command of Zheng Yi Sao. According to Dian Murray’s article, Cheng I kidnaped the boy, Chang Pao, when he was a teen and initiated him into the pirate gang "by means of a homosexual liaison." With her husband dead, what's a girl to do? In 1824, Zheng Yi Sao returned to Guangdong with Zhang Yulin. Formidable, she struck a bargain, then: Lived out her last in epic requiem. What we do know: She was born sometime around 1775, probably in Canton, but she doesn't appear on record until 1801, when she married Cheng I, fierce pirate leader. She was the most ferocious pirate China had ever known. [14] What followed was a period of infighting among the pirates near the Guangdong coast, but with the help of Zheng Yi Sao, who was a capable consolidator and organizer,[15] Zheng Yi was able to unite the pirates into a confederation through the signing of an agreement on July 1805 in which each pirate leader agreed to sacrifice some of his autonomy for the greater good. At the end of the day, ten British Indiamen sailed past the pirate fleet and alarmed Zhang Bao, who suspected some sort of Sino-European trap and quickly retreated. They received a pretty sweet retirement package, especially considering all of them were wanted for capital crimes. This was not the first time Chang Pao had received this "promotion"; he was also Cheng I's lover before his death. Zheng Yi Sao (born Shi Yang, a.k.a. Even her birth name is a mystery, as the name by which she is commonly known means simply ‘wife of Zheng’ or ‘widow of Zheng’. Then in honor of Women’s History it’s Nnekay’s Korner on Cheng I Sao, the bad ass Chinese Pirate who in the 1800s lead a fleet larger than the Chinese Navy and was one of the most successful pirates ever to exist. [47], In 1822, Zhang Bao, aged 36, died near Penghu while serving as a colonel (副將) in charge of the Penghu garrison. She may have married a governor and lived a quiet life as a respectable lady. This failed miserably, due to Cheng I Sao's vast network of peasants on land, who were more than happy to feed the pirates. The codes are:[51], The three codes and the fact that Zhang Bao was the author of the codes were recorded in Jing hai fen ji (靖海氛記), an account of the Pirate Confederation by Qing official Yuan Yonglun (袁永綸) based on first-hand testimonies. The best one tells that the surrender was a piece of cake to negotiate, except for the fact that Cheng I Sao had to bow to the governor. Women who were captured under Cheng I Sao were either ransomed if they were rich, or sold to the pirates as wives if they were poor. Lest you think Cheng I Sao was a softie who stole from the rich to feed the poor, she also put away quite a tidy bundle for herself. Together, Cheng I Sao and Chang Pao were able to keep order among the fleet. Ching Shih (kinesisk: 鄭氏; pinyin: Zhèng Shì; kantonesisk: Jihng Sih; Ching Shih, Zheng Yi-Sao, Cheng I Sao; født 1775 i Guangdong, død 1844) var en berømt kvindelig kinesisk pirat.Hun havde på sin højde henved 1.500 skibe og ca. She graduated from the Beijing Film Academy, and is best known for her roles in Story of Yanxi Palace (2018), Dream Journey 4: Biography of Demon (2018) and Moonlight Romance (2020). [26], On September 27, Zheng Yi Sao personally took command of 500 ships and anchored near Tanzhou (潭洲). Cheng I Sao turned the traditional hand-to-mouth model of piracy on its head. Shortly after her husband's death, she appointed her adopted adult son, Chang Pao, as her second in command. Ching Shih (also known as Shi Xianggu, Madame Ching, Zhèng Shì, Jehng Sih, and Cheng I Sao) is without a doubt one of most unique pirate leaders of all time. She is the captain of the Cheng Pirates and during her tenure as such she brought several islands under her control in order create the Glysgadir Queendom. Historian Charles Ellms explains that Kwo Lang committed suicide out of fear of being captured by Cheng I Sao's forces, one of two Navy officers to do this. In 1801, she married Zheng Yi, a well-known pirate. He started practicing martial arts at the Fighting Dragons dojo at a young age and rose up the ranks to a high ranking member of the dojo with a black belt, becoming an extremely skilled fighter. [6] Her ships entered into conflict with several major powers, such as the East India Company, the Portuguese Empire, and Qing China. Stories about how and when she negotiated her amnesty abound, each more whimsical than the last. [11] Zheng Yi hailed from a family of well-known pirates whose roots traced back to the Ming dynasty. This interaction got Cheng I Sao wondering if it was not perhaps time to cash in her shares and go straight. The fact that she is known at all is largely due to the efforts of the scholar Dian Murray, whose book Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810 is the starting point for all Cheng I Sao research. Zheng Yi Sao was a honorific bestowed upon her by the people of Guangdong, meaning wife of Zheng Yi. [46] Zhang Bao, with Zheng Yi Sao accompanying him, would later be transferred to Min'an, Fujian, where Zheng Yi Sao would give birth to a son, Zhang Yulin, in 1813 (張玉麟). Ulrike Klausmann reports in Women Pirates that Cheng I Sao ordered, "No one shall satisfy [their] lust with captured women in the villages or public places. They burned down entire towns for fun. [40] But it was all these reasons combined, plus the organizational limit of the Pirate Confederation, which was held together by a few charismatic leaders such as Zheng Yi Sao, Zhang Bao, and Guo Podai, that led Zheng Yi Sao to consider surrendering to the authorities in early 1810. The fleet itself had a constitutional-monarch style government, with Cheng I Sao as queen at the head. On April 20, 1810, Zheng Yi Sao and Zhang Bao officially surrendered to Bai Ling near Furongsha (芙蓉沙, near present day Guzaiwan 古仔湾)[44] with 17,318 pirates, 226 ships, 1,315 cannons, and 2,798 assorted weapons. After the surrender, what exactly happened to Cheng I Sao is unclear. They eventually married and had a son. In the DLO we had to include a piece of movement, audio or video. [41], With Macau's Ouvidor (magistrate) Miguel José de Arriaga as mediator, Zheng Yi Sao, Zhang Bao, and Bai Ling officially met on Zhang Bao's flagship on February 21, 1810. In March, Provincial Commander (提督) Sun Quanmou (孫全謀), with around 100 ships under his command, engaged a small group of pirates near Dawanshan Island, and the pirates called Zheng Yi Sao for aid. Numerous villages, settlements, and towns fell victim to the rampaging pirates. [32] On the 5th, Zhang Bao arrived at Tung Chung Bay, and seeing that the Portuguese were no longer around, decided to anchor his ships for repair and maintenance. Her ships entered into conflict with several major powers, su… On the 29th, Zhang Bao and Zheng Yi Sao took full advantage of the wind, broke through the blockade, and escaped into the South China Sea. This money went into the pirate stores, but subsequently back into the poor towns, where Cheng I Sao employed a vast network of spies, farmers, tailors and carpenters who kept her empire afloat. Cheng Pao himself was captured at the age of 15 and raised by pirates. She shortly thereafter fell into an affair with her adopted son, having already made him her lieutenant, and … But, while Cheng I Sao's pirates were adept at pillaging, they were also forced to uphold a strict code of of conduct. Cheng I Sao How Cheng I Sao Ran The Ship & Piartes On It A Leader Of A Confederation Of Pirates That Included A Fleet Of 17,318 & 226 Junks When It Surrendered. [19] Most importantly, Zheng Yi Sao had the support of Zhang Bao, who was in effect commanding the Red Flag Fleet at the time. Shi Xianggu), also known as Ching Shih, meaning wife of Ching (Zheng), was a Chinese pirate leader who terrorized the South China Sea from 1807 to 1810. Their co-reign of terror lasted until 1807, when Cheng I fought a tsunami and lost, drowning. All we know for sure is that she married Cheng I, and for their honeymoon, they opted for a romantic trip to Vietnam to fight in the Tay-Song rebellion. At the height of her power, Cheng I Sao commanded a pirate fleet that surpassed the navies of many countries. A master of manipulation, Cheng I Sao (literally means "wife of Cheng"), now also known as Ching Shih, took over the fleet after some political maneuvering. Guo Podai, leader of the Black Flag Fleet, refused to reinforce Zheng Yi Sao and Zhang Bao during the Battle of Tung Chung Bay, and later openly battled with Zhang Bao near Humen. This character is based on Cheung Po Tsai, although the film was set many years before he lived. [29][30], In early November, 1809, Zheng Yi Sao suddenly left the Pearl River with only a few ships, and anchored at Tung Chung Bay, north of Lantau Island, for repairs. (This is like a tornado selling you tornado insurance.). - Kanskje litt strenge regler - 80 000 - 1500 Cheng Shih - Cheng I Sao - 1775/1844 Guangdong - 1801 - 1807 - Chang Pao - 1810 - 17 000 - 1844 Guangzhou Singing behind screens - 1 500 - 80 000 - 1808 - Den Imperiale Flåten Cheng I Sao How to listen to Minority Korner . 80.000 mand under sin kommando. [28], In desperation, Chinese officials looked with renewed interest at the "foreign barbarians", hoping to obtain aid against Zheng Yi Sao and the Pirate Confederation. It is true that Cheng I Sao was heavily in touch with the spirit world; she was definitely superstitious. See more ideas about sao, cheng, lantau. Her ascendancy to command was not as unusual as we might imagine. [1] It is speculated that they were already intimate before the death of Zheng Yi. [56] In the story, Borges repeated the false claim that the pirate codes were issued by Zheng Yi Sao. [38][39], The Portuguese and the British also officially joined in the fray. [6], Zheng Yi was a pirate who fought as a privateer for the Vietnamese Tây Sơn dynasty in the Tây Sơn wars against Qing China and later Nguyễn Ánh. This freedom is what we love about pirate stories, more so than the rum and the treasure and the sea shanties: the type of freedom that frees you from traditional roles and rules, the freedom be and have and take anything you like. History knows her by many names: Shi Xiang Gu, Shi Yang, Cheng I Sao, Zheng Yi Sao, Ching Shih and no one knows what her original name was! there are two seasons of television shows too. However it came about, Cheng I Sao turned in her ships, kept all of her money, and became a private citizen of China once again. [3][4] She was the unofficial commander of the Guangdong Pirate Confederation,[5] which was composed of 400 junks and between 40,000 to 60,000 pirates in 1805. Before the battle, Zheng Yi Sao took command of the Red Flag Fleet and the White Flag Fleet, ordered Zhang Bao to engage from the front with around 10 ships, Zhang Bao's lieutenants, Xiang Shan'er (香山二) and Xiao Bu'ao (蕭步鰲) to flank Sun from the sides, and Liang Bao (梁保), leader of the White Flag Fleet, to cut Sun off from the rear. The Portuguese Empire, which controlled Macau at the time, agreed to help – on September 5, 1809, Zheng Yi Sao captured the brig of Antonio Botelho Homen (the Portuguese governor of Timor), and the Portuguese were eager for payback. I-Chen Ko, Director: Lan yue. [10] She was possibly a Tanka, who worked as a prostitute or madame on a floating Tanka brothel (花船) in Guangdong. Cheng I Sao even had a fund set up to help the pirates transition into civilian life. Richard Glasspoole, a captive of Cheng I Sao's fleet, wrote that she sprinkled her captives with garlic water, which was believed to be protection against getting shot. A month later in October, Zhang Bao defeated lieutenant-colonel (參將) Lin Fa (林發) near present day Weiyuan Island east of Humen Town. There was a council, whose members were selected by Cheng I Sao, as well as a prime minister-like position, which was held by Chang Pao. [27] By late October, the provincial fleet was back to strength and ready for action under the command of Sun Quanmou, but was defeated again by Zhang Bao on the evening of October 21 near the town of Shawan (沙灣). Captives were offered a choice: join the pirate crew or be nailed to the deck and beaten. Her squadrons were always well-armed and in good condition. Along with his piratical promotion, she also promoted him from son to lover. [31] On November 4, the Portuguese sent three ships and a brig to harass Zheng Yi Sao at Lantau, who immediately called the Red Flag Fleet under Zhang Bao for aid. 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